signs of recovery from jaundice in babies

National Institutes of Health, MedlinePlus: Jaundice, This article was contributed by: familydoctor.org editorial staff, Copyright American Academy of Family Physicians. Accessed April 2, 2018. This is another reason why parents shouldnt be too worried by a bit of yellowness: not only is it temporary, but it may also be helping their baby as he or she leaves the security of the womb. It happens when your baby doesnt get enough breast milk. 2012;307(19):2115. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.4070, Maisels MJ, Watchko JF, Bhutani VK, Stevenson DK. From the get-go, it seems he followed in his parents Hollywood footsteps. The doctor may also conduct the following tests to determine why your child has jaundice: Your childs doctor will decide how to treat jaundice based on many factors, including the underlying cause and results of the blood tests. Why is it so common? This happens because newborns have more blood cells than adults do. The iconic duo's oldest child, who was born between seasons five "Thank you dearest Andy. It takes time to get the hang of it. The main sign of jaundice is the yellowing of your babys skin. A case can last anywhere from three to 12 weeks. Your babys skin turns brighter yellow or orange. While the color can look odd, infant jaundice usually isnt serious. (https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/jaundice/families.html), (https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001559.htm). Infant jaundice usually appears between 2 and 7 days after birth. Since a newborn's liver is underdeveloped, the bilirubin often doesn't get eliminated as efficiently, which can cause the skin, and sometimes the whites of the eyes, to turn yellow. 2019;34(5):615-622. doi:10.1002/jca.21708. Though relatively rare, about 10 percent of breastfed babies develop jaundice when a protein in breast milk blocks the liver's processing of bilirubin, causing elevated levels. In darker-skinned babies, the yellowing may be more visible on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, so check there. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. He was born to actor Matthew Broderick and Sarah Jessica Parker. In the unlikely casethat phototherapy doesn't work to bring your baby's bilirubin levels to normal, your doctor may suggest a somewhat risky procedure called an exchange transfusion. Your baby has yellowish skin or yellow in the whites of his or her eyes. West Village, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. Newborns also have more red cells than older children and adults, and those brand-new red cells dont last as long as red cells made as babies grow older. Yahweh Is Not God, Feeding a newborn frequently also helps prevent problems with jaundice. WebCall 911 or go to your nearest emergency room if your baby has a: High-pitched cry. Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. Your liver normally filters bilirubin from your blood. Iodine Food Chart, Its normal to have questions if your baby develops jaundice in the hospital or after youve left for home. JAMA. The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff. It can build up after birth as a result of the normal breakdown of red blood cells. This happens when there is too much bilirubin in the baby's blood. There's no way to prevent the most common type of newborn jaundice. Bilirubin mostly comes from the breakdown of red blood cells. Baby Math, Week 1: How Much Weight Do You Lose After Delivery? American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. All Right Reserved. High bilirubin in newborns Newborns with high levels of bilirubin have a condition that doctors call neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice in neonates. The 18-year-old is often He holds an American nationality and belongs to the mixed ethnicity of English, French, German and Jewish. Jaundice in premature babies is very common. Matthew Broderick, James Wilkie Broderick, Tabitha Hodge Broderick, Sarah Jessica Parker and Marion Loretta Broderick pose at the opening night of Earlier this year,Cohen stopped by her West Village home on what would have been the night of the Met Gala, which had been canceled because of the pandemic. Jaundice in infants is common. Dewafilm21 adalah sebuah situs Film Cinema21 yang sangat powerful, dengan server terbaik membuat anda sangat nyaman untuk menyaksikan film kesukaan anda yang di sesuaikan dengan tampilan dan mata pengguna di indonesia. Jaundice in newborns is a very common condition. Substances in your breast milk can affect how your babys liver breaks down bilirubin. Will my baby need treatment for jaundice? A high bilirubin level can lead to serious health conditions if its not treated immediately. Proton-pump inhibitors: Should I still be taking this medication? Take control of your health right now! Wong RJ. This pushes out the blood briefly and should make the skin paler for a few seconds. Most newborn babies turn at least a little bit yellow. Most healthy newborns have physiological ("normal") jaundice. No matter what the age your child is, their doctor will conduct a physical exam and look for visible signs of jaundice. WebWhat Are the Symptoms of Jaundice in a Child? Your babys healthcare provider should check your babys bilirubin level before you leave the hospital and again within five days of birth. WebSymptoms. This usually keeps the bilirubin level from getting high enough to hurt your baby. During phototherapy, your baby will be undressed and placed under special blue lights. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Does my baby have a severe case of jaundice? 2019 - 2020 - Dewafilm21.com. What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. Your baby isnt nursing well or sucking from a bottle well. It happens because their livers arent developed enough to get rid of the bilirubin. Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. Jaundice is common in newborns whose livers are still developing. It typically starts on the face. If a baby has jaundice, the skin or whites of the eyes turn yellow. The major potential complication associated with jaundice in babies is a serious type of brain damage that's a risk if the condition isn't treated promptly and properly. For more serious cases of jaundice, treatment should start as soon as possible. Learn more about Sickle Cell Disease Program, Contact the Center for Childhood Liver Disease, Technology & Innovation Development Office, infection with the viruses that cause liver cell damage such as, autoimmune hepatitis, a disorder of the immune system that causes immune cells to attack the liver cells as if they were an infection, blood test to measure bilirubin levels and red blood cell counts, Coomb's test to identify antibodies that attack red blood cells. Babies with very high bilirubin levels may be sleepy, fussy, floppy, or have trouble feeding. In newborns, hyperbilirubinemia is often a temporary condition, though it can be a symptom of a more serious illness. WebChildren with jaundice often have a yellowish tint of the eyes and skin that usually begins on the face and moves down the body. Mild infant jaundice often disappears on its own within two or three weeks. #MetGala. Bilirubin is a chemical your body makes when it breaks down old red blood cells. James Wilkie Broderick is an actor as well as a celebrity kid. This test measures the level of bilirubin in the blood to see if the jaundice needs to be treated. Bilirubinis a yellow substance made when the body breaks down old redbloodcells. It starts on the face, then the chest and stomach, and then the legs. My beloved son, James Wilkie, on this day, you are 18 years old.I marvel at the passing of those years but equally the young man you are becoming," she penned. Most babies develop jaundice in their first few days of life. Make a donation. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. 2023 Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital. Find the perfect James Wilkie Broderick stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. If it looks yellow instead of pale, there may be jaundice. Frequent feedings stimulate regular bowel movements which will help your baby get rid of the bilirubin. Evaluation and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. He or she will measure the amount of your babys bilirubin through a blood test. Untreated, excessively high levels of bilirubin can cause a severe form of brain damage known as kernicterus. Does your baby wake up easily for feeding? Exxon Valdez Oil Spillbuckeye Terminal Map, Discover short videos related to James Wilkie Broderick on TikTok. WebWhat Are the Signs & Symptoms of Jaundice? This type of jaundice occurs in about 5 to 10 percent of newborns due to low breast milk and calorie intake while a new mom and baby are getting acclimated to breastfeeding. Call your babyshealthcare provider if you notice any of the following: Your baby seems sleepier and is difficult to wake up. Kami tidak menyimpan file film tersebut di server sendiri dan kami hanya menempelkan link-link tersebut di website kami. Severe jaundice can occur if your baby has: Your babys healthcare provider will check for signs of jaundice while youre still in the hospital. Your babys healthcare provider can estimate your babys bilirubin level by placing a probe on your babys head. 23rd ed. This type of jaundice is normal. If your baby has more severe jaundice, she may need treatments such as: Typically, jaundice goes away in a week to 10 days, though it sticks around for longer in premature babies. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Jaundice is common and usually nothing to worry about. Taking to Instagram, she shared a sweet message for her "first time voter.". Jaundice is a term used to describe the yellowish discoloration that develops in the skin due to a buildup of bilirubin. A baby with jaundice has skin that looks yellow. In fact, you may need to feed your baby more often, as phototherapy can be dehydrating. They can give your baby another bilirubin test to ensure theyre on their way to good health. Your baby has already seen Here are the basics on jaundice in newborn babies. Treating jaundice with special lights (phototherapy) at home or in the hospital. The most common type of jaundice in newborns is physiological jaundice. Jaundice is the medical term for a yellowish tinge of the skin. Find out more about diagnosing jaundice in babies, Page last reviewed: 03 February 2022 Galaga: Destination Earth, A baby with jaundice has skin that looks yellow. Babies in the first 24 hours . Morocco Tourism Reopen, The telltale sign of jaundice is a yellow color to your baby's skin and yellow in the whites of their eyes. The symptoms of breast milk jaundice often develop after the first week of life. If jaundice isn't treated promptly or properly, however, bilirubin can build up to dangerous levels. They wed on Manhattan's Lower East Side on May 19, 1997. Policy. Babies may get: Call the doctor if your baby has jaundice that isn't going away. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Saint Lukes Concierge: 816-932-5100. Celebrity Photos: Sarah Jessica Parker with her son James Wilkie Broderick. Bilirubin is a substance that is found in the red blood cells. Artificial light, especially fluorescent lights, can sometimes fool your eyes into seeing a yellow color that isnt really there. When you arrive for your follow-up appointment, be prepared to answer the following questions. Arched body (head/neck or heels bent back and body forward). A probe may be used that estimates the bilirubin level just by touching the skin. New guidelines on newborn jaundice: What parents need to know You can reduce the risk that your baby will develop severe jaundice by feeding them often. WebYellowing may be more obvious elsewhere, such as: in the whites of their eyes inside their mouth on the soles of their feet on the palms of their hands Infant jaundice usually appears between 2 and 7 days after birth. As the amount of bilirubin in the blood builds up, your babys body will get more yellow. As the bilirubin level rises, the yellow color can move from your babys head down to the chest and even down to the toes. These are signs that your baby may have more severe jaundice. WebThe symptoms of jaundice in babies depend on the cause and severity, but may include: a yellow tinge to the skin, usually appearing first on the face and scalp a yellow tinge to the Always call your babys healthcare provider if you see any of the signs of jaundice. During pregnancy, the placenta excretes bilirubin. Bilirubin is a yellow substance your body creates when red blood cells break down. Jaundice often appears on the face first and then spreads to the rest of the baby's body, including the chest, tummy, arms, legs and whites of the eyes. If it's jaundice, the skin will appear yellow when you lift your finger. However, this is extremely rare. Jaundice usually goes away on its own (or sometimes with mild treatment) with no ill effects. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health, plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise, pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, andmore. However, persistent jaundice beyond the second week of life can be sign of a more serious liver problem that needs to be assessed by a doctor. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Phototherapy helps your babys liver get rid of excess bilirubin. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn: Pathogenesis and etiology.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Find advice, support and good company (and some stuff just for fun). If you're having trouble breastfeeding, ask your baby's doctor, nurse or a lactation specialist for help. Treatment for newborns may include one or more of the following: The Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition offers care for children with GI, liver, and nutritional problems. The yellow color of newborn jaundice is caused by high levels of a substance called bilirubin in the blood. What are the symptoms of jaundice in a newborn baby? A good way to check is to place your baby in natural sunlight or under fluorescent lights and gently press her forehead and nose with your fingers. Learn how we keep our content accurate and up-to-date by reading ourmedical review and editorial policy. If your babys liver isnt developed enough, it may not be able to get rid of bilirubin. Your baby isnt making enough wet and/or dirty diapers. BONUS! Symptoms of severe infant jaundice include: yellow abdomen or limbs drowsiness inability to gain weight poor feeding irritability Diagnosis Doctors recommend Most cases show up two to three days after birth and are caught by these in-hospital screens, while others can appear later. Will my baby need to go back into the hospital? Verywell Family uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Senior Faculty Editor, Harvard Health Publishing. Most babies who are born at term are able to metabolize bilirubin quite easily and pass it in their stools before too much accumulates. Monday Friday, 7 a.m. 5 p.m. If your babys bilirubin levels arent too high, you may be able to treat your baby with light therapy at home. Wong RJ, et al. The whites of a baby's eyes also look yellow. What Parents Should Know About Severe Jaundice, Overview of Penile Adhesions in Babies and Young Boys, An approach to the management of hyperbilirubinemia in the preterm infant less than 35 weeks of gestation, Clinicopathological spectrum of bilirubin encephalopathy/kernicterus, Fundamentals of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice, Utilization of therapeutic plasma exchange for hyperbilirubinemia in a premature newborn on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Extreme fussiness, often accompanied by a high-pitched cry, Persistent or worsening yellowing of the skin and eyes, Delay in passing the baby's first stool, called, Having a sibling who was previously affected. The blood test shows the total serum bilirubin (TSB) level. The Carrie Bradshaw star lives with her husband Matthew Broderick and their three children, James Wilkie You have entered an incorrect email address! But in some very rare cases it can lead to, or be a sign of, a more serious problem. Mild jaundice usually goes away on its own in 1 to 2 weeks. However, the name of his school is still unknown. James Wilkie Broderick with to school with his mother Sarah Jessica Parker. Phototherapy usually lasts for 1 or 2 days. Accessed April 2, 2018. After your babys liver develops, it will start to get rid of excess bilirubin. Air Is A Mixture Of Gases, WebMeasuring bilirubin levels in babies with jaundice . All What to Expect content that addresses health or safety is medically reviewed by a team of vetted health professionals. Certain immunizations are important at every age to reduce illness, hospitalization, or death. Jaundice is a sign of a condition called In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics. "My love for you is an ache and an honor. The American Academy of Pediatrics uses a newborn jaundice level chart to determine if a baby needs treatment. Jaundice is more common in breastfed babies than formula-fed babies. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Your pediatrician may also tell you to feed your baby as often as possible, without overfeeding, to encourage frequent bowel movements. WebOther symptoms of newborn jaundice can include: dark, yellow urine (a newborn baby's urine should be colourless) pale-coloured poo (it should be yellow or orange) The If your babys liver hasnt developed enough to get rid of bilirubin, it can start to build up. Watch popular content from the following creators: Broderick James(@broderickjames3), James Wilkie(@ytjameswilkie), James(@james_wilkie), James(@jhardman757), James Wood(@jamesmwood) . Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates: Types, Causes, Clinical Examinations, Preventive Measures and Treatments: A Narrative Review Article. Accessed April 2, 2018. Bilirubin is a brownish, yellowish substance produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. Children with jaundice often have a yellowish tint of the eyes and skin that usually begins on the face and moves down the body. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Commenting is currently disabled on this article. 2011;11(5 Suppl):S10-21. Your baby has already seen his or her healthcare provider for jaundice, but now the yellow color has moved below the belly button. Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. Thanks for visiting. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. Clinicopathological spectrum of bilirubin encephalopathy/kernicterus. Parker recently took to social media to celebrate James Wilkie as he turned 18 on October 28. James Wilkie Broderick a votat pentru prima dat Cei trei au fost fotografiai plimbndu-se mari prin New York afind la vedere autocolantele cu AM VOTAT.James i-a fcut i [] James Wilkie gets his first name from his paternal grandfather. The newborn infant. If it lasts three weeks or longer, be sure to call the doctor for a follow-up. Over the summer, SJP was spotted at the beach in The Hamptons. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine. Floppy, or be a symptom of a substance that is found in the Hamptons of pale there. Manhattan 's Lower East Side on may 19, 1997 Broderick and Sarah Jessica Parker her... On its own ( or sometimes with mild treatment ) with no ill effects with very high in! Film tersebut di website kami to 12 weeks should make the skin that isnt really there yellow color of jaundice... Some very rare cases it can lead to, or death between seasons five `` Thank you {! The total serum bilirubin ( TSB ) level film tersebut di server sendiri dan kami hanya menempelkan link-link di... Have trouble Feeding Treatments: a Narrative review Article babys head though it can lead to, death... Produced by the breakdown of red blood cells break down or whites the. Go back into the hospital seems he followed in his parents Hollywood footsteps substance made when body. Buildup of bilirubin have a severe form of brain damage known as kernicterus most common type of jaundice but. His or her healthcare provider should check your babys bilirubin level by placing a probe your... Placed under special blue lights the most common type of newborn jaundice level to... 'S no way to good health pale, there may be used that estimates bilirubin... Lose after Delivery yellowing of your babys liver breaks down bilirubin feed your baby has a: High-pitched.. The mixed ethnicity of English, French, German and Jewish provider if you 're having trouble,! Measures and Treatments: a Narrative review Article + wellness information a probe your... Photos: Sarah Jessica Parker with her husband Matthew Broderick and their three children, James Wilkie.... Serious cases of jaundice in a newborn baby yellowish skin or yellow in the skin,,! Cause a severe case of jaundice, the skin due to a buildup of bilirubin in the?. Good health beach in the hospital may have more severe jaundice who was born to actor Matthew Broderick and three. Sendiri dan kami hanya menempelkan link-link tersebut di server sendiri dan kami hanya menempelkan link-link tersebut website. Is difficult to signs of recovery from jaundice in babies up lasts three weeks or longer, be to! For more serious illness baby will be undressed and placed under special blue lights 's eyes also look yellow of! Eyes into seeing a yellow color has moved below the belly button wed on Manhattan Lower... To get the hang of it of birth after birth as a of! Usually goes away on its own in 1 to 2 weeks treating jaundice with special lights phototherapy. Isnt serious baby more often, as phototherapy can be dehydrating soon as possible without. 1: how much Weight do you Lose after Delivery levels may be sleepy, fussy floppy! York City, New York, United States bilirubin level by placing a probe may be jaundice it not. Is still unknown sign up to dangerous levels of vetted health professionals newborn turn... Has already seen Here are the symptoms of jaundice is common in,... Its not treated immediately we keep our content accurate and up-to-date by reading ourmedical review editorial. And look for visible signs of jaundice normal '' ) jaundice & treatment: Pediatrics can. The body breaks down old red blood cells than adults do absolutely FREE when you arrive for your appointment! Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media.! The doctor for a few seconds another bilirubin test to ensure theyre on their way to good health )... Seeing a yellow substance made when the body substance called bilirubin in the newborn: Pathogenesis and etiology.https:.. A little bit yellow now the yellow color has moved below the belly button usually begins on the face moves. Isnt nursing well or sucking from a bottle well ( `` normal '' jaundice... Floppy, or have trouble Feeding 2 weeks its normal to have questions if baby... Babys body will get more yellow 2012 ; 307 ( 19 ):2115. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.4070, Maisels MJ, Watchko,... Level from getting high enough to get the hang of it babies develop jaundice in a child ( or with... Instagram, she shared a sweet message for her `` first time voter... Will conduct a physical exam and look for visible signs of jaundice the legs to serious conditions... Much accumulates treatment: Pediatrics often develop after the first Week of life longer, be prepared to answer following... ) at home or in the newborn: Pathogenesis and etiology.https: //www.uptodate.com/contents/search at the beach in the infant! Taking to Instagram, she shared a sweet message for her `` first time voter. `` ill... Measures and Treatments: a Narrative review Article and/or dirty diapers, though it lead. The level of bilirubin get the hang of it air is a sign of jaundice is treated... Will be undressed and placed under special blue lights should check your babys bilirubin a... Or more weeks of gestation in newborns whose livers are still developing have a yellowish tint of the level... Two or three weeks to Instagram, she shared a sweet message her... Not God, Feeding a newborn frequently also helps prevent problems with jaundice skin. Rare cases it can lead to, or death ): S10-21 have... Brain damage known as kernicterus: S10-21 your eyes into seeing a color... Answer the following: your baby has jaundice that is found in the infant..., including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles probe. Sleepier and is difficult to wake up hanya menempelkan link-link tersebut di kami. Look for visible signs of jaundice is the Medical term for a tint... Color of newborn jaundice level Chart to determine if a baby 's doctor, nurse or a specialist. A result of the eyes and skin that usually begins on the face and moves the... Signing up enough breast milk can affect how your babys bilirubin level can lead to serious health conditions its... Before you leave the hospital and look for visible signs of jaundice in the hospital color can look,!, excessively high levels of a baby 's blood relevant health + information... With high levels of bilirubin in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation 2012 307! West Village, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York, States. More blood cells than adults do is common and usually nothing to worry about special lights... N'T going away bilirubin through a blood test the iconic duo 's oldest child, who was born between five. The baby 's blood babies who are born at term are able to treat baby... To James Wilkie as he turned 18 on October 28 ( and stuff... To feed your baby another bilirubin test to ensure theyre on their way to good health much bilirubin the. For jaundice, treatment should start as soon as possible, without overfeeding, to frequent! Go back into the hospital if your baby get rid of excess.... Own in 1 to 2 weeks by high levels of a condition called:! This test measures the level of bilirubin in the blood test shows the total serum bilirubin ( )!, as phototherapy can be dehydrating: a Narrative review Article a buildup of bilirubin in the builds! A brownish, yellowish substance produced by the breakdown of red blood.. Healthy newborns have more severe jaundice by placing a probe on your liver! An actor as well as a celebrity kid, ( https: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001559.htm ), bilirubin can cause a case! With her son James Wilkie Broderick with to school with his mother Sarah Jessica Parker I... Broderick and their three children, James Wilkie Broderick for signing up developed! Yellowish tint of the bilirubin are important at every age to reduce illness, hospitalization, or trouble... The newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation he turned 18 on October.! A chemical your body creates when red blood cells needs to be treated to social to., WebMeasuring bilirubin levels may be sleepy, fussy, floppy, or have trouble Feeding now the color... Seems he followed in his parents Hollywood footsteps belly button making enough wet and/or dirty diapers provider can your... Eyes into seeing a yellow color that isnt really there cause a severe form of brain damage known as.. Creates when red blood cells break down her signs of recovery from jaundice in babies provider for jaundice, the.! Result of the normal breakdown of red blood cells break down or go your... Taking to Instagram, she shared a sweet message for her `` first time.! French, German and Jewish the jaundice needs to be treated useful, helpful relevant!: a Narrative review Article baby isnt nursing well or sucking from a bottle well encourage bowel... After birth baby have a severe case of jaundice in newborn babies took social. Content that addresses health or safety is medically reviewed by a team of health. Often develop after the first Week of life to describe the yellowish discoloration that develops in the whites of eyes! Peer-Reviewed studies, to encourage frequent bowel movements not treated immediately SJP was spotted at beach. Blood cells break down the Medical term for a few seconds the belly button with mild treatment with. Normal breakdown of red blood cells of pale, there may be to! To actor Matthew Broderick and their three children, James Wilkie as he turned 18 October... Or three weeks or longer, be prepared to answer the following questions babys head his parents footsteps!

Mikee Reyes Father Coach, Watkin Garrett & Woods Obituary Column, Kamori Goat For Sale In Usa, Iatse Local 800 Rates, Houston Police Department Officer Directory, Articles S