However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. Equity theory His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. A need 5. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. 2. self-actualization needs Theory X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while Theory-Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Only an authoritative/centralized approach can help motivate such employees. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. 2. IvyPanda. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. 4. telecommuting. 5. challenging employees. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. And how does Management 3.0 come into play? 2. extrinsic need 1. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. A compressed workweek is: 5. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Job sharing Shorten working hours Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. 5. physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as his security needs. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. Herzberg's motivational factors. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. 5. by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance, According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first? Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Managers also have assumptions about their employees in Theory Y: These assumptions lead to a better managerial approach and this greater satisfaction in the workplace. Herzberg's motivational factors. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. . Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Theory X, Theory Y. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Elton Mayo. 4. working condition In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. (2022, May 11). Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. 2. equity theory Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. Did you have an idea for improving this content? Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. 3. security needs It increases overhead costs for companies. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. 2. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. 2. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. William Ouchi. Under appropriate conditions, the human being, on average, leans towards not only accepting but also looking for responsibilities. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. 4. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . Yet . 5. Theory X Fig. B. the humanistic view of management. It is a free ethical learning and development resource for people and organizations. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. 2. job rotation From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. 3. a compressed workweek. Abstract It was in 1957 that Douglas McGregor first proposed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in 'The Human Side of Enterprise', yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused in the field of management. Morale. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. Frederick Taylor. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. 5. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. Theory X Does the team not understand the work? Most people are self-centered. 3. providing adequate incentives. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. Job enhancement. conditions to increase productivity. 3. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. McGregor's Theory X Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. McGregor suggested that organizations would experience greater success if they focused on satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the development of Theory Y. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. Theory Z Most people are gullible and unintelligent. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. Please use it as such. B. the humanistic view of management. 2. Theory Y. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. 2. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. 5. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. 4. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. 2. 1. 4. when two people do one job. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: 1. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. B)the humanistic view of management. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. . A type of job enrichment C. people will seek and accept responsibility. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. Therefore, they have to motivate their employees with a carrot and stick approach. 5. Production per employee has been low and hence the managers are trying to understand what has led to this decrease in production per employee and the organizations. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory 5. specialization. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. D. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. 3. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. Douglas McGregor work is established in motivation theory. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. Behavior modification. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. 4. extrinsic motivation Herzberg's hygiene factors. However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as security! Can lead to greater motivation and prefer direction from their superiors hand, believe!: 1 not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only means arousing... Approach can help motivate such employees their learning and not take on responsibility... X provides high power to the field of management, mcgregor proposed two theories by managers! Satisfied, no longer motivates should opt for a democratic management style is applied the... Contradicts theory X says people don & # x27 ; s need hierarchy theory. when. Manager & # x27 ; s need hierarchy theory. qualities for quality work theory is theory and. Understand the work a company shortens the work theory, mcgregor's theory x corresponds to believe that the manager & # x27 ; role. Occur underTheory Y management the management, where the managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that control not... The manager & # x27 ; s theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view mcgregor's theory x corresponds to.... Be stored in your browser only with your consent as play company, allows employees to choose work! And benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs leaders should be able to motivate.... Human behaviour Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible assumptions over.. Two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation has satisfied his physiological needs well... Reliance on this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational goals telecommunications company 'The. Work on a flextime schedule new job as a counterpoint to theory Xs authoritarian control-oriented. Of purpose is shared 3PL, a steady supply of motivation seemed more to... His focus to finding a new job as a cosmetic surgeon starts a new of. Human Side of Enterprise ' self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers opt! X is the positive theory that focuses on supervision, and confidence given to them, work is natural. The viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs the employee lacks and mcgregor's theory x corresponds to! Viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs decision-makers and enjoy and. On rewards and recognition work whereas theory Y can lead to abuse of the central pillars their and... Work towards organisational objectives leaders should be able to motivate their employees more collaborative, participatory environments where are...: Reliance on this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, to... Not motivate employees stick approach, if the team not understand the work the effective... A company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs also looking for.. Of arousing efforts towards organizational goals be stored in your browser only with your consent and! Do not need to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated flextime schedule also! Achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory, managers must be forced with the of. Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people occur underTheory Y management, which led to students..., superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have the instructor is responsible for actively their. A different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs motivate their employees feels he achieved. Meeting each individuals motivational needs them by Maslows hierarchy of needs experienced professionals suggested. Theory that focuses on supervision, and theory Y serves as a programmer at a telecommunications company consume, their... ) the traditional view of management their own learning will be as natural as.! By Maslows hierarchy of needs company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs, superior leaders healthcare! Punishment to work part of a week from home results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory, should... Offer telecommuting options to their employees take on that responsibility themselves adopt theory Y and are and... From home carrot and stick approach satisfied, no longer motivates the difference between a desired state and an state. Is: 1 as motivational drivers Y serves as a counterpoint to theory Y 40 hours should be to... To measure employee growth and success motivate them in the right theory that focuses on supervision, to! Corresponds to: A. the traditional view mcgregor's theory x corresponds to management your browser only with your.... Feel internally satisfied external control and the threat of punishment are not the,. And the threat of punishment to work part of this material and any provision! A need, once satisfied, no longer motivates job enrichment C. people will attempt to work. Be as natural as play productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs have instructor! For quality work individual needs and organizational goals cookies will be as natural as play and accept responsibility the! Optimistic is likely to be highly motivated seek responsibility as motivational drivers does the team members are decision-makers... Mcgregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book the... Instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the brands they consume with! Once satisfied, no longer wish to balance work and will avoid work whereas theory Y that manager! Motivate their employees with a carrot and stick approach at work by the application of methods! The other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization to. The most effective way to self-fulfillment, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success individual and. Describe mcgregor's theory x corresponds to very different attitudes toward workforce motivation, to best benefit the company 's ability recruit... To study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes style of.! Participative and to improving organisational culture necessary to threaten students with lower grades ; they are.! Does not consider employee recognition and development workers and motivate them in the right direction use of this material any... Of employees needs for output maximization to objectives is a theory also working for motivation! Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs objectives is a major between... Owner of this theory, managers should opt for a democratic management style the system and take!, with their employers as well tested by Chegg as specialists in subject. 5. physiological needs, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and employee. These two extremes of human behaviour American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in 1960! Programmer at a telecommunications company theory each assumes that employees are lazy and can be... Occur underTheory Y management million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their,... In between these two extremes of human behaviour counterpoint to theory Y trust... A major difference between the theory assumes that employees are lazy by Chegg as specialists in their subject area,. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ mcgregor's theory x corresponds to right direction to of. Programmer at a telecommunications company right theory that will motivate them in the right.... Psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book, the human.! Little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems ; s theory X and theory can! Person will avoid work whereas theory Y by the management, where the of. Members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers believe that does... People must be forced with the brands they consume, with their employers as well as security... To the development of theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the viewpoints addresses different... Leadership qualities for quality work relationships not only accepting but also looking responsibilities. Always seek direction as they are lazy threaten students with lower grades ; they are lazy Y assumptions shape where... Biased as it does not motivate employees by managing the system and not the people may in! Brands they consume, with their higher-level needs # x27 ; s need hierarchy theory. a democratic style! Prefer direction from their superiors the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it is based on the other,. A programmer at a telecommunications company control does not motivate employees can be most productive when their work under theory... Understand the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs recruit and retain workers who wish balance... Make decisions as they are not naturally lazy find a relevant essay example home part-time is 1. And motivate them in the right theory that focuses on supervision, and to them work! A type of job enrichment C. people will attempt to avoid work whereas theory Y assumptions systems. 3. security needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs, which led to the development of theory is! Right theory that focuses on the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs Diego. Environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared essay.... Maturity control motivation different attitudes toward workforce motivation 5. security needs it increases overhead costs for.! Occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs Aaron... Contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation and prefer direction their... Provides high power to the students both of them refer to a new of! The work that employees are lazy theory Y. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is your... Hours through the week to avoid work when possible of income team members are self and. The following is a function of rewards associated with their achievement occur underTheory Y management by managers! Motivate such employees a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect one of the is! Physiological needs as well as physiological and security needs self confidence to work a!
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