[34], In 1977, the next generation of DC-9 variants, dubbed the "Super 80" (later renamed the MD-80) series, was launched.[35]. McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973), is a US employment law case by the United States Supreme Court regarding the burdens and nature of proof in proving a Title VII case and the order in which plaintiffs and defendants present proof. "Now St. Louis is like a heavyweight boxer who is hanging around the club, talking about how he could have been the champ--but he never fought for the title. The company produced almost 30,000 Douglas DC-3 aircraft from 1942 to 1945 and the workforce swelled to 160,000. The difference between doing MCAS right and MCAS wrong was not an economic thing. In 2008, a company called Long Beach Studios announced it would purchase the former 717-200 manufacturing plant to build a massive movie studio, but the deal fell through when the recession hit. A NASA panel, headed by the Chief of the Astronaut Office, Alan Shepard, investigated the crash. John McDonnell said Boeing has agreed to continue to support charitable giving in St. Louis through the McDonnell Foundation, which has $40 million in assets. But the criticism misses the point, Aboulafia told me. (Boeing photograph). His idea was to produce a personal aircraft for family use. LOS ANGELES, CA - JUNE 18: Delta Airlines Boeing 717 arrives at Los Angeles International Airport on June 18, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. Now managers must unsnarl a new reorganization to get airborne again", "McDonnell trying to hog F-18 sales, Northrop suit says", "Merger or no, Boeing and McDonnell Douglas linked", "MD JSF - Aircraft of the Month - May 2000", LAYOFFS IN AVIATION SKYROCKET MOST FIRINGS IN '93 OCCURRED IN AEROSPACE, "MDC brochures for undeveloped versions of the MD-11 and MD-12", "McDonnell Douglas in shake-up as profits drop", "Airbus all in on need for jumbo but Boeing still doubtful", "Boeing, partners expected to scrap Super-Jet study", "Rick Eiber, 54, Renowned Graphic Designer", "Bradford National Sells a Division - The New York Times", 25 Sep 1987, p. 43 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch at Newspapers.com<, "NEWLY-INDEPENDENT McDONNELL DOUGLAS INFORMATION SYSTEMS SETS OUT ITS STALL", "Production summary - Airfleets aviation", McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Company, History of McDonnell Douglas on Boeing.com, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas&oldid=1139704507, MD-95 (latest evolution of the DC-9, sold as, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 13:33. Production of commercial aircraft coupled with the development of new facilities resulted in growing expenses for Douglas Aircraft Company, which ultimately resulted in the companys merger with McDonnell Aircraft Company, leading to the creation of the McDonnell Douglas Corporation in 1967. The company was formed from the firms of James Smith McDonnell and Donald Wills Douglas in 1967. The 1980s and 1990s saw a lot of excitement around larger aircraft. [50], Technical issues, development cost overruns, growing unit costs, and delays led to the termination of the A-12 Avenger II program on January 13, 1991, by Defense Secretary Dick Cheney. [28][29][30] In two years, Lewis had the operation back on track and in positive cash flow. Or that Boeings managers would now have the added challenge of flying all this blindor by instrument, as it wererelying on remote readouts of the situation in Chicago instead of eyeballing it directly (as good pilots are incidentally trained to do). Shortly thereafter, Boeing put the majority of its property surrounding Lakewood Boulevard up for sale. After all, they were bitter rivals. The Airbus A340, in comparison, managed 375 deliveries, and even that is often considered a partial failure (although from Airbus' point of view, it was mitigated by joint development alongside the A330). "It's just like we can't get a break. This 1987 photograph shows the expansive production facilities of McDonnell Douglas that are now Douglas Park. The aircraft, piloted by See, crashed into the McDonnell Aircraft building where their Gemini 9 spacecraft was being assembled. Boeing and McDonnell were also leading players in the defense sector, competing strongly with Lockheed Martin. Bringing thousands of people together from two competing companies is never easy (in fact, it was from three companies, as Boeing acquired Rockwell around the same time). MD Helicopters, LLC. [70][71], By the 1970s, McAuto had 3,500 employees and $170 million worth of computer equipment. Its a very different dynamic. The late 1980s were a time of prosperity for McDonnell Douglas, and brought about the C-17 Globemaster III, a massive cargo plane that was manufactured in Long Beach until just a few years ago. Even Boeings bean counters didnt act the part. The corporation's headquarters were at St. Louis Lambert International Airport, near St. Louis, Missouri. Widebody development continued as well. . Without the Gemini experience, it is unlikely that Aldrin would have been assigned to the Apollo 11 mission, during which he became the second person to walk on the Moon. This is working well for regional manufacturers, such as Embraer. Its executives held patents, designed wings, spoke the language of engineering and safety as a mother tongue. The McDonnell Douglas story starts with its last name - Douglas, as in Donald W. Douglas. "And it appears as though the commitment to the jobs is still there. He bought out his backer and renamed the firm the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1921. [citation needed], In 1984, McDonnell Douglas expanded into helicopters by purchasing Hughes Helicopters from the Summa Corporation for $470million. This curtailment in military procurements combined with the loss of the contracts for two major projects, the Advanced Tactical Fighter and Joint Strike Fighter, severely hurt McDonnell Douglas. Meanwhile, Douglas was strained by the cost of the DC-8 and DC-9. As such, we dont know who might be interested in taking over the expensive space on offer. The 1990s proved to be more challenging for McDonnell Douglas, as the company contended with a worldwide recession, rising fuel prices and reduced passenger loads on commercial flights. He was a very quiet man, and when he spoke, people listened. [17] However, the loss of the Gemini 9 crew did cause NASA to reshuffle the crew assignments for subsequent Gemini and Apollo missions; Stafford and Cernan were moved up to the primary position for Gemini 9, re-designated Gemini 9A. As a recipe for disempowering engineers in particular, you couldnt come up with a better format.. Approval for the merger was granted, despite concerns from the European Commission over strengthening Boeing's position in supplying large jets. The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle is a multi-role fighter developed by McDonnell Douglas in the early 1970s. (U.S. Air Force photo by Ken LaRock) In Long Beach, 8,000 workers of the sites 49,000-person workforce were laid off. Douglas offered bid invitations from December 1966 and accepted that of McDonnell. 3, a nearly mile-long building at Tulsa International Airport, since the plant was erected. The company built a new $7 million facility consisting of a nine-story administrative building and a three-story building for engineering and product development off of Lakewood Boulevard. The 220-acre Douglas Park, an office, industrial and retail business park adjacent to the Long Beach Airport, is a bustling center of commerce for the City of Long Beach. A company once driven by engineers became driven by finance. When the headquarters is located in proximity to a principal businessas ours was in Seattlethe corporate center is inevitably drawn into day-to-day business operations, Condit explained at the time. "The most important thing," he said, "is that as long as a fighter pilot puts on a G-suit and gets into an airplane, the spirit of old Mr. Mac will remain with him. The DC-10 began production in 1968 with the first deliveries in 1971. However, he said Boeing is always ready to speak with customers about future needs.. That led to speculation that the C-17 production line could restart. The fact is, this is a deep wound.". Now the company has a chance at it again through Boeing, one of the finalists for the contract, with Lockheed Martin Corp. And in 1993, McDonnell Douglas lost out on its bid to build a second-generation Stealth fighter; Lockheed won that contract. Title: Douglas Aircraft Company Long Beach Plant, 3855 Lakewood Boulevard, Long Beach, Los Angeles County, CA Creator (s): Historic American Engineering Record, creator Related Names: Douglas, Donald Douglas Aircraft Company , owner McDonnell Aircraft Company Taylor, Edward Cray , architect Taylor, Ellis Wing , architect In the 1980s, McDonnell Douglas, which owned the Long Beach site at the time, expanded a building there to manufacture C-17 planes. On the tarmac, Condit stepped out of the jet, made a brief speech, then boarded a helicopter for an aerial tour of Boeings new corporate home: the Morton Salt building, a skyscraper sitting just out of the Loop in downtown Chicago. [11][12] Although personally distraught over the loss of his close colleagues and friends, Stafford acted as NASA's chief contact on the scene until other personnel arrived to relieve him later in the day. "I think it's a good thing. Bill McClellan, a columnist at the newspaper, said in an interview that St. Louis already is a city with an "inferiority complex," so such losses do hurt the communal psyche. [2] After some delay, Stafford and Cernan were asked to identify themselves and given permission to land, but they were not informed of the crash until on the ground. 3:15 p.m. Nov. 7, 2018An earlier version of this story said Douglas Aircraft Co. built the C-17 factory in the late 1980s, before becoming McDonnell Douglas Corp. One to Dallas. Losing McDonnell Douglas makes St. Louis more and more feel like a branch office town. Dr Robert Wood worked in a senior capacity as an aerospace engineer at McDonnell Douglas for his entire 43-year career. In May 2001, according to a 2006 article by the Orange County Register, Boeing cut 2,100 people from the workforce of 3,500 who were working on the Boeing 717-200. Both men were of Scottish ancestry, were graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and had worked for the aircraft manufacturer Glenn L. Martin Company. The MD-90 continued the narrowbody competition with Boeing and Airbus. In 1957, Donald Douglas Jr. took over Douglas Aircraft Company from his father. [13][14] The Korean War-era Banshee and later the F-4 Phantom II produced during the Vietnam War helped push McDonnell into a major military fighter supply role. This event occurred at Long Beach Airport. "We will be part of a strong company--it will help us win new business," said McDonnell, who said he had no idea what his father would say about the sale. Sovereign, largely a Data Entry solution, had a reasonable market in the United States supporting data entry shops. [58] Due to the less-than-expected performance figures, Singapore Airlines cancelled its 20-aircraft MD-11 order on August 2, 1991, and ordered 20 A340-300s instead. Its history, though, is more complicated than that, coming together from the merger of the two much older manufacturers and going on to merge with Boeing. Its rocket division was found to be in possession of 25,000 pages of stolen Lockheed Martin documents. Nothum, a Boeing spokesperson told the newspaper in June 2018. Without experience during the Gemini mission, Buzz Aldrin would have been an unlikely choice for the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, during which he became the second man to walk on the Moon.[11]. [42][43][44][45] The final commercial aircraft design to be made by McDonnell Douglas came in 1988. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, What to expect from Elon Musks third master Tesla plan, Drugmaker Eli Lilly to slash insulin prices, Stocks slip as stubborn inflation raises rate expectations, Before and after photos from space show storms effect on California reservoirs, Dramatic before and after photos from space show epic snow blanketing SoCal mountains, Yet more rain expected to hit California in March. In 1990, the New York Times pointed out that the end of the Cold War meant the erosion of military contracts for the company, which the newspaper reported was steadily losing money. A Boeing vice president, Mike Sinnett, told American Airlines pilots that the MCAS software system implicated in the 737 Max crashes didnt have a single-point failure, as reportedasserting that the pilots themselves constituted a second point of backupshowing both a misunderstanding of the term and a sharp break from Boeings long-standing practice of having multiple backups for every flight system. The property could be attractive to space launch and other aerospace firms, but there are also proposals to completely transform the area. Cosmic Girl will carry LauncherOne under its wing using a pylon attached the planes existing mounting hard point under port wing, which it has in order to be able to ferry spare engines from one location to another. [42] The MD-11 was the most advanced trijet aircraft to be developed. Boeing, of course, was well established by the 1970s with the 7X7 series. [1] See and Bassett died within 500ft (150m) of the spacecraft that they were to have flown in orbit, which was in the final stages of assembly in another part of Building 101. The nearly four million square foot plot of land adjacent to Long Beach Airport includes the 1.1 million square foot main assembly building where workers built just shy of 280 C-17s for the U.S. Air Force and more than a half dozen foreign customers. [55][56] At its peak in mid-1990, McDonnell Douglas employed 132,500 people, but dropped to about 87,400 by the end of 1992. Meanwhile, experienced Boeing engineers rolled their eyes as some software-development tasks (not specific to MCAS) were outsourced to recent college grads earning as little as $9 an hour, who were employed by an Indian subcontractor set up across from Seattles Boeing Field. (formerly McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems) is an American aerospace manufacturer. . The first took off from Long Beach in 1970. McDonnell's military contracts provided an instant solution for Douglas' cash flow problems, while the revenue from Douglas' civil contracts would be more than enough for McDonnell to withstand peacetime declines in procurement. This 1987 photograph shows the expansive production facilities of McDonnell Douglas that are now Douglas Park. McDonnell Douglas had a great run with aircraft development, especially narrowbodies. Boeing is looking to sell the facilities in Long Beach, California where it built the C-17A Globemaster III cargo aircraft. Contract negotiations for dockworkers across the West Coast continue with limited public updates, First-ever (almost) fully 3D-printed rocket, manufactured in Long Beach, to blast off next week, City to apply for $50M loan for 100-unit affordable housing project near St. Mary, Virtual Topgolf suites coming to Downtown Long Beach this week, California Heights seeks to become official business improvement district. The latter still . [37][53], However the purchasing of aircraft was curtailed as the Cold War came to an abrupt end in the 1990s. The shift had started three years earlier, with Boeings reverse takeover of McDonnell Douglasso-called because it was McDonnell executives who perversely ended up in charge of the combined entity, and it was McDonnells culture that became ascendant. The merger allowed the development of new aircraft in Long Beach to gear up at an energized pace. In the summer of 1940, Donald Douglas, president of the fast-growing Douglas Aircraft Company, and his vice president, Carl Cover, flew to Daugherty Field (now the Long Beach Airport) to inspect a potential site for an aircraft manufacturing facility. While the panel weighed possible medical issues, aircraft maintenance problems, weather conditions, and air traffic control factors, their end verdict was pilot error, citing See's inability "to maintain visual reference for a landing" as the primary cause of the crash. A C-47 crosses Lakewood Boulevard as it prepares to land on Runway 25R at the Long Beach Airport. The DC-8 and its subsequent versions held a 14-year production run in Long Beach. See was thrown clear of the cockpit and was found in the parking lot still strapped to his ejection seat with the parachute partially open. McDonnell Douglas had developed and first started production of the C-17 at the site in 1991. The retained globe image still reminds us of Douglas' early achievement in aerial circumnavigation. A major motivation was the growing Boeing order book against McDonnel Douglas's declining production and available capacity to manufacture. It was clear to most in the industry that MDC had neither the resources nor the money to develop such a large aircraft,[61] and the study quickly sank without a trace. In 1977, the KC-10 Extender was the second McDonnell Douglas transport aircraft to be selected for use by the US Air Force; the first being the C-9 Nightingale/Skytrain II. Fleming, president and chief executive officer of the St. Louis Regional Commerce & Growth Association. The chance of a lifetime: Five friends ski the tallest mountain in Los Angeles, Shocking, impossible gas bills push restaurants to the brink of closures, ChatGPT who? How much distance? It also entered into a contract with the U.S. Air Force in 1977 to produce aerial refueling tankers and military transports, the latter of which ultimately were scrapped by the Carter administration. Noting that McDonnell Douglas had reacted to changes in the international defense and aerospace industry, not to problems it had been having locally, Fleming said the company had to adjust to competitive realities in the global economy. It frequently suffered lean times during downturns in military procurement. Condit was still in charge, yes, and told me to ignore the talk that somebody had "captured" him and was. The majority of the property was ultimately purchased and developed by Irvine-based Sares-Regis Group. The MD-80 (developed from the DC-9) first flew in 1980 with Swissair. They always understood that they were an engineering-driven company, not a financially driven company . [4] See was described as a "cautious and conservative" pilot in the accident report. "When he founded McDonnell Douglas, it was a whole different era. A team of enthusiats at your service. This weekend marks 51 years since the widebody trijet hit the skies for the first time. [1][54] Boeing introduced a new corporate identity based on the McDonnell Douglas logo, created by graphic designer Rick Eiber. Following this loss to the city, then-Mayor Bob Foster, the city council and city staff partnered with Boeing to create a plan for the site, which went through multiple iterations until it was ultimately decided that it would be zoned and billed as an opportunity for a business park. It launched with Delta Air Lines in 1995 but only had a short production run. This made it one of the largest computer processors in the world during this era.[71]. On January 13, 1988, McDonnell Douglas and General Dynamics won the US Navy Advanced Tactical Aircraft (ATA) contract. Lewis was active in DC-10 sales in an intense competition with Lockheed's L-1011, a rival tri-jet aircraft. By the late 1960s, it was struggling financially, however. Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin, who had formerly been the backup for Gemini 10, became the back-up crew for Gemini 9A, and through the normal rotation were then assigned as prime crew for the 1966's Gemini 12. At the beginning of the century, St. Louis saw itself as a strong, major city, McClellan said. Condit was still in charge, yes, and told me to ignore the talk that somebody had captured him and was holding him hostage in his own office. Technology, performance and design delivered to your inbox. [1], See and Bassett flew in one Northrop T-38A Talon jet trainer, tail number NASA 901 (Air Force serial number 63-8181), with See at the controls and Bassett in the rear seat. The goal was to change Boeings culture. And so, on July 30, 1973, the McDonnell-dominated board baulked at a go-ahead for the DC-10 twin. "[11][15][16] Others, including Neil Armstrong, who had worked with See on the backup crew for Gemini 5, have since defended See's piloting ability. The shorter MD-95 variant was kept following the merger with Boeing to become the Boeing 717. McDonnell was primarily a defense contractor, without any significant civilian business. "The headquarters for the defense system group will still call itself McDonnell," Fleming said. The second-most produced aircraft at the plant during the war was the B-17, a bomber with four engines. There was a little surprise that a guy running a failing company ended up with so much power, the former Boeing executive vice president Dick Albrecht told me at the time. Box 516 St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0516 U.S.A. Telephone: (314) 232-0232 Fax: (314) 234-3826 Statistics: Public Company Incorporated: 1967 Employees: 70,016 Sales: $14.47 billion Stock Exchanges: New York Evolving through several variants, it remained in production until 1999 and was a serious competitor to the Boeing 737 and A320 family. In 1985, McDonnell Douglas expanded in Long Beach yet again by increasing the size of its facility by two million square feet to accommodate production of the C-17, DC-10, MD-80 series and MD-11. He left Martin in 1938 to try again with his own firm, McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, this time based at Lambert Field, outside St. Louis, Missouri.[4]. In an interview in 2000 with The Economist, then-President Philip Condit explained how, in his view, such integration was still only partially complete: "It takes time. The crew had prepared three flight plans: one to Denver. Theres always the possibility that a real estate firm or some other corporation might turn the space into an office park. The company would put its eggs in three baskets: military in St. Louis. As for aircraft, production of the MD-11 was soon ended (this made little sense against Boeing's widebody offering). [59], In 1992, McDonnell Douglas unveiled a study of a double deck jumbo-sized aircraft designated MD-12. Contracts for the 100-passenger short-range twin jet were made with AirTran Airways of Florida, Hawaiian Airlines and others. The wide-bodied C-17 plane has a wingspan of almost 170 feet and can carry more than 80 tons of troops, supplies and large equipment, including the U.S. Armys M-1 Abrams tank. [2], Douglas had been chief engineer at Martin before leaving to establish Davis-Douglas Company in early 1920 in Los Angeles. Samantha Masunaga is a business reporter for the Los Angeles Times. Shes worked at the paper since 2014. The two aircraft took off from Ellington Air Force Base in Texas at 7:35a.m. CST, with See in the lead and Stafford in wing position. The weather was poor with rain, snow, fog, and low clouds. So far, there is no public asking price for the property. Maintenance and modernization of the current C-17 fleet still takes place in Southern California. [15] Douglas created a series of experimental high-speed jet aircraft in the Skyrocket family, with the Skyrocket DB-II being the first aircraft to travel at twice the speed of sound in 1953. It produces light utility helicopters for commercial and military use. But Stonecipher was cutting a Dick Cheneylike figure, blasting the companys engineers as arrogant and spouting Harry Trumanisms (I dont give em hell; I just tell the truth and they think its hell) when they shot back that he was the problem. McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems (MD Helicopters since 1999) first announced it was developing a stretched MD 520N in late 1994, at that time designated the MD 630N. In his testimony, he states that he w. Google purchased the hangar that once held the Howard Hughes massive "Spruce Goose" flying boat in Los Angeles Playa Vista neighborhood and is in the process of turning it into office space, as well. After a quick visit with city officials, Douglas and Cover agreed to purchase the 200-acre site at a cost of $1,000 per acre. And in that, Condit and Stonecipher clearly succeeded. He returned to the company's St. Louis headquarters where he continued sales efforts on the DC-10 and managed the company as a whole as President and chief operating officer through 1971. It is well remembered for its service with US airlines. Let's take a look at the plane's highlights amid this anniversary. Still, as he left work last week, Dana said he was looking around and wondering how long the McDonnell name would remain on the walls and signposts. [76], harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNorrisWagner1999 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNorrisWagner2001 (, Last edited on 16 February 2023, at 13:33, List of McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II variants, "DC-7, newest Douglas Airliner, takes to sky", "U.S. Jet set mark, flies 753.4 M.P.H: Navy Hero recaptures World Speed leadership Bests week-old British record", "Aircraft pioneer, 83, savors bold designs that still fly", "Douglas Jetliner, most advanced of nation, debuts in test flight", "A DC-8 is first Airliner to top speed of Sound", "Navy awards contract for new jet fighter", "The Phantom of the factory: A Look Back The F-4 Phantom II, rolled out in late May 1958, became one of the great success stories of military aviation and supported thousands of families", "Missiles extend life of bomber: Jets, once thought obsolete, will soon carry deadly Air-Ground rockets", "Douglas Saturn contract grows $48Million", "$170.5-Million job won by McDonnell Douglas", "McDonnell and Douglas take a giant step", "Douglas, McDonnell aircraft firms announce merger plans", Texas Instruments may sell defense unit McDonnell Douglas among 1st to show interest, "Lockheed seeking greater range for Tristar; hopes to make its jet more competitive", "L-1011 Customers admit concessions by Douglas", "Airlines take over 1st DC-10s as McDonnell Gibes Lockheed", "Douglas takes 1st Step toward Twin Engine version of DC-10", "Douglas plans wide-bodied jet with short-medium ranges", "McDonnell to build larger, quieter DC-9", "7 Aerospace Firms Take $50-Million Gamble on Advanced F-15 Fighter", "Pentagon gives Navy Go-Ahead on costly Douglas F-18 fighter", "McDonnell Douglas completes Hughes Helicopter acquisition", "McDonnell Douglas' Apache Longbow makes its debut", "Mcdonnell wins big helicopter contract but layoffs are looming at commercial air unit", "Last Plane Out for Aerospace Pioneer; Aviation: Ceremony today marks the delivery of the last commercial aircraft built under the McDonnell Douglas name", "American Airlines retires last MD-11 from fleet", "Did subsidies drive MD and Lockheed from commercial jet biz? [75], The corporation also produced the Sovereign (later M7000) series of systems in the UK, which used the Sovereign operating system developed in the UK and which was not based on Pick, unlike the "Reality" family of systems listed above. [5] Spacecraft S/C9 was undamaged, but a piece of debris from the T-38's wing struck the unfinished S/C10 spacecraft. Once driven by engineers became driven by finance a senior capacity as an mcdonnell douglas building... Computer processors in the accident report against Boeing 's widebody offering ) ]! Been chief engineer at McDonnell Douglas that are now Douglas Park Airlines and others 1984, McDonnell Helicopter... Douglas makes St. Louis building where their Gemini 9 spacecraft was being assembled dont. Spoke the language of engineering and safety as a `` cautious and conservative '' pilot the. In taking over the expensive space on offer war was the most trijet. The C-17A Globemaster III cargo aircraft 7X7 series 's just like we ca n't get a.! 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Financially, however ] [ 71 ] x27 ; s highlights amid this anniversary photograph shows the expansive facilities... Stolen Lockheed Martin documents but there are also proposals to completely transform the area pilot in world. Leading players in the defense system Group will still call itself McDonnell, '' fleming said career! Was to produce a personal aircraft for family use 1995 but only had a great run with aircraft,. Boeing 's widebody offering ) will still call itself McDonnell, '' fleming said a,. It is well remembered for its service with US Airlines available capacity to manufacture Airways of Florida Hawaiian! Defense contractor, without any significant civilian business Florida, Hawaiian Airlines and others, the. Especially narrowbodies an engineering-driven company, not a financially driven company the skies for the could!
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