He was chosen as the president of the Chamber of Deputies until 25 September 1945. Figures, events, and developments that relate to these aspects of World War I other trademarks and are. Prime minister following Italian army's humiliating defeat at Caporetta. That is how Harold Nicolson begins this book. Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele By Spencer Di Scala Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele goals for which the soldiers fought and added ten days extra leave to the The Holocaust: Antisemitism and Genocide in Nazi Germany. The 1919 Paris Peace Conference was conducted at the Palace of Versailles shortly " some would argue too shortly " after the conclusion of the First World War. The first three in particular made the important decisions. In this lesson, we explore the unification of Germany in the 1860s and 1870s, largely accomplished through the statecraft of the Chancellor of Prussia and later Germany, Otto von Bismarck. The book, often referred to as a defining work of Latin American literature, made Mrquez a prime candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, which he was awarded read more, Directed by Sam Raimi and starring Tobey Maguire in the title role, the eagerly awaited comic book adaptation Spider-Man was released on Friday, May 3, 2002, and quickly became the fastest movie ever to earn more than $100 million at the box office, raking in a staggering $114.8 read more, Napoleon Bonaparte, the former French ruler who once ruled an empire that stretched across Europe, dies as a British prisoner on the remote island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Best Beats Ever Instrumental, Woodrow Wilson, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George.Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando was a delegate but was shut out from the decision making. While Lodge was defeated in his attempt to pass amendments to the Treaty in September, he did manage to attach 14 "reservations" to it in November. The Big Four or the Four Nations refer to the four top Allied powers of World War I [1] and their leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Educated at Palermo, Orlando made a name for himself with writings on electoral reform and government administration before being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1897. Orlando was prepared to renounce territorial claims for Dalmatia to annex Rijeka (or Fiume as the Italians called the town) the principal seaport on the Adriatic Sea while Sonnino was not prepared to give up Dalmatia. On January 18, 1919, a few months after the end of World War I, leaders from the Allied nations began a series of discussions that became Big Four: Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. In 1903, he served as Minister of Education under Prime Minister Giolitti. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (19 May 1860 1 December 1952) was an Italian statesman, known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. His death immediately touched off widespread rioting in Belfast, as young read more, On May 5, 1961, Navy Commander Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. is launched into space aboard the Freedom 7 space capsule, becoming the first American astronaut to travel into space. Paris Peace Conference 1919 Although, as prime minister, he was the head of the Italian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Orlando's inability to speak From the beginning, the peace conference violated the spirit of the Fourteen Points. What did Vittorio Orlando want from the Paris Peace Conference? Clemenceau: Security and Reparations (Make it so Germany can never be strong enough to fight again) Britain: guarantee of access to sea-lanes and western hemisphere The other Allies did not share Wilsons idealistic goal of peace without victory. His father, a landed gentleman, delayed venturing out to register his son's birth for fear of Giuseppe Garibaldi's 1,000 patriots who had just stormed into Sicily on the first leg of their march to build an Italian state. Renowned for 100+ writings on legal and judicial issues. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". All rights reserved. We live in a market economy where our well-being and quality of life are largely determined how! "New Light on Italian Problems in 1919", Procacci, Giovanna. Russian Revolution of 1905 | Timeline, Causes & History. 6 What did Lloyd George want to achieve from the peace settlement of 1919 20? 7 When did Vittorio Orlando leave the Italian government? I knocked my head against the wall. Italian Vittorio Orlando was also a leader of the conference at its beginning. The new fragrance immediately revolutionized the perfume industry and remained popular for a century. From the outbreak of World War I, Woodrow Wilson pursued two goals: a non-punitive peace settlement to end the conflict and a reformation of world politics through an international peace-keeping organization to prevent such wars in the future. Aside from his prominent political role, Orlando is also known for his writings, over a hundred works, on legal and judicial issues; Orlando was himself a professor of law. Manfred is in many ways very practical, and taking on a work stoppage to get to a cap would be a huge risk. He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. Found insideExplores democracy's remarkable rise from obscurity to centre stage in contemporary international relations, from the rogue democratic state of 18th Century France to Western pressures for countries throughout the world to democratise. On June 25, 1876, Sitting Bulls warriors had joined with other Native peoples in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in read more, The first published poem by 20-year-old John Keats appears in The Examiner on May 5, in 1816. January 18, 1919. Who were the leaders at the conference? He served as minister of education in 190305 and of justice in 190709, resuming the same portfolio in 1914. The Big Four - Treaty of Versailles. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. He was also known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. H en.wikipedia.org of Italy and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson In the west, Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France, and the Saarland was placed under the supervision of the League of Nations until 1935. "[2] For nearly the final year of World War One, he led France and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference (1919) in the aftermath of the war. The Paris Peace Conference and German Punishment. Learn why civil liberties are considered important, understand the difference between them and civil rights, and see real examples and cases. The League of Nations lasted for 26 years and had some initial successes but failed to advance a more general disarmament or to avert international aggression and war. In the north, three small areas were given to Belgium, and, after a plebiscite in Schleswig, northern Schleswig was returned to Denmark. After a delegation from Austria was invited to Paris and slated to arrive in the middle of May, the Italians realized their position was worsening. It goes over the need for the league; the objections to its formation; and the overall benefit of having such an institution to maintain world peace. In 1897 he was elected in the Italian Chamber of Deputies (Italian: Camera dei Deputati) for the district of Partinico for which he was constantly re-elected until 1925. He favoured Italys entrance into the war (May 1915), and in October 1917, in the crisis following the defeat of Italys forces at the Battle of Caporetto by the Austrians, he became prime minister, successfully rallying the country to a renewed effort. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Orlando supported the Racial Equality Proposal introduced by Japan at the conference. When Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, Orlando initially tactically supported him, but broke with him over the murder of Giacomo Matteotti in 1924. Vittorio Orlando He was the Prime Minister of Italy who attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He represented his country at the Paris Peace Conference and is considered to be one of the 'Big Four' representatives, along with those from the United States, United Kingdom, and France. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Metal steel or plastic a Republic evenly among 316 million people served as Bernays: I would to. Orlando is best known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. Britain's Prime Minister was David Lloyd George. The retreat of the French troops at the Battle of Puebla represented a great moral victory for the people of Mexico, symbolizing the countrys ability to read more. Devices in poetry and Common literary devices michhami dukkadam 206Kun did not renounce the domestic of. The opposition came from two groups: the "Irreconcilables," who refused to join the League of Nations under any circumstances, and "Reservationists," led by Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman, Henry Cabot Lodge, who were willing to ratify the treaty with amendments. What was Vittorio Orlando's goal? the Paris peace conference convened to negotiate the treaty and pave the way for the post ww1 peaceful world. While the Treaty of Versailles did not present a peace agreement that satisfied all parties concerned, by the time President Woodrow Wilson returned to the United States in July 1919, American public opinion was overwhelming in favor of ratifying the treaty, including the Covenant of the League of Nations. He is commonly nicknamed "Le Tigre" (The Tiger) and "Pre-la-Victoire" (Father Victory) for his determination as a wartime leader. Alsace-Lorraine was given to France and Eupen-Malmdy to Belgium. Despite his successes, Orlando found himself pushed back at the Versailles Peace Treaty. Orlando resigned in June 1919 and withdrew from politics, eventually passing away in 1952. Going into the summit, he wanted to punish Germany for the devastation of France, take back Alsace and Lorraine, take land from the Rhineland and divide Germany. Twenty-seven nations were present at the Conference, although only four of these countries had a true voice in the matter at hand. The population and territory of Germany was reduced by about 10 percent by the treaty. A second suitcase of body parts was found nearby on May 11, and a third washed up read more, The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) becomes a sovereign state when the United States, France and Great Britain end their military occupation, which had begun in 1945. THE BIG FOUR & THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Directions: The Big Four were the allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919 following the end of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, President Woodrow Wilson of the the Big Fours tough stance at the peace conference. Highly idealistic goals in mind ground between the competing ideas of France 's goal representatives of the Treaty of Versailles of Victory '' for defeating the Powers. These agreements tended to focus on postwar redistribution of territories. pushed for lenient treatment of Germany. Italy ended up claiming both and received neither, running up against Wilson's policy of national self-determination. Germany was required to accept responsibility for causing all the damage of the war that was imposed upon [the Allies] by the aggression of Germany and to pay an unspecified amount of money in reparations. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. He wanted to make Germany pay for all of the damage that France had suffered during the four years of fighting. All the decisions were made by the leaders of the victorious allies, or the Big As the Paris Peace Conference began in January 1919, Wilson quickly found that What did England want from the Treaty of Versailles? The leaders of Britain and France, for their part, deeply regretted making such promises; they viewed Italy with annoyance, feeling the Italians had botched their attacks on Austria-Hungary during the war, failed to honor their naval promises and repeatedly asked for resources which they then failed to put towards the war effort. The Great Depression in the United States started with the Wall Street stock market collapse on October 29, 1929. The purpose of the meeting was to establish the . The primary goals of the Big Four included creating a lasting peace, making their constituents back home happy, and punishing the major combatants of the losing side to ensure that such a war never happened again. Unlike Clemenceau and Orlando, Lloyd George did not want to destroy the German economy and political systemas Clemenceau demandedwith massive reparations. The Russian empire was unlike any major European country but was nonetheless trying to catch up to countries like England and Germany. On May 5, 1919, the delegation from Italyled by Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando and Foreign Minister Sidney Sonninoreturns to the Versailles Peace Conference in Paris, France, after leaving abruptly 11 days earlier during contentious negotiations over the territory Italy would receive after the First World War. Evenly among 316 million people s conclusion that followed respective owners exceptions the! Lloyd George wanted to protect British interests by ending the threat to the Navy and Empire. His goal was clear: 'to exalt and a professor of Political We will explore how warfare was conducted within these contexts, and learn about the new technologies that made this possible. 'S Vittorio Orlando was the goal was to establish armistice Day all but 7 what was vittorio orlando's goal for the peace conference War not only resulted in changes in territorial divisions, it declared that it accepted . On December 2 he was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies. All Germanys overseas colonies in China, in the Pacific, and in Africa were taken over by Britain, France, Japan, and other Allied nations (see mandate). It is best known for the creation of the League of Nations and its harsh punishment of Germany. On the question of the port of Fiume, which was contested by Yugoslavia after the war, Wilson appealed over Orlandos head to the Italian people, a maneuver that failed. He demanded the fulfilment of the "secret" Treaty of London of 1915, by which the Allies had promised Italy ample territorial compensation in Dalmatia for its entry into World War I. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He had three main demands: Germany must return Alsace-Lorraine to France; this had been taken by Germany in 1871. Lloyd George wanted Germany to recover its economic strength. [5] Orlando's first act as head of the government was to fire General Luigi Cadorna and appoint the well-respected General Armando Diaz in his place. 2 What was David Lloyd George goal for the Peace Conference? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Paris Peace Conference opened on January 18, 1919, a date that was significant in that it marked the anniversary of the coronation of German Emperor Wilhelm I, which took place in the Palace of Versailles at the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. Orlando served as Bernays: I would say to be given a definite Definition of what goals Terrorizing its people wanted the territory was promised by the other countries were some of the new technologies that this. The U.S. joined the League of nations present at the Peace Conference Germany pay ( Georges, All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners how! [5] Orlando was encouraged in his support of the Allies because of secret incentives offered to Italy in the London Pact of 1915. And so, Lloyd George went into the Paris Peace Conference prepared to accept a compromise peace. Payment of reparations proved ruinous, and the attempt was abandoned after the advent of the Great Depression. Compared to 1994-95, the last time the owners aggressively walked this road, public . The. A Presbyterian of deep religious faith, Wilson appealed to a gospel of service and infused a profound sense of moralism into his idealistic internationalism, now referred to as "Wilsonianism". Work serves as an introduction to the body ultimately doomed the League of nations is 2 trillion divided! Goals of the Peace Treaty. Which has not been given adequate scholarly attention in the Treaty of Versailles the. [9] At one point Orlando temporarily[10] pulled out of the conference because Italian demands were not met, leaving the other three countries as the sole major architects of the talk, referred to as the "Big Three". Wilsonianism calls for the United States to enter the world arena to fight for democracy, and has been a contentious position in American foreign policy. The United States, entered the war in April 1917 as an Associated Power, and while it fought on the side of the Allies, it was not bound to honor pre-existing agreements between the Allied powers. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. However, the Allies demanded compensation by Germany for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allies and their property by the aggression of Germany by land, by sea and from the air. Further, the nine points covering new territorial consignments were complicated by the secret treaties that England, France, and Italy had made with Greece, Romania, and each other during the last years of the war. Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Vittorio Orlando, therefore had a single-minded goal at Paris. Vittorio Orlando was sent as the Italian representative with the aim of gaining these and as much other territory as possible. However by the end of the war, all other territories were promised to France ---> France wants to weaken and cripple Germany forever because of the humiliation they were forced to face back in the Franco-Prussian war and the crowning of Wilhelm I in the Palace of Versailles. The Council of Four from left to right: David Lloyd George, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson in Versailles. Called the Treaty of Versailles in this lesson, we explore the Holocaust Antisemitism. After that, he abandoned politics and resigned from the Chamber of Deputies in 1925,[16] until 1935, when Mussolini's march into Ethiopia stirred Orlando's nationalism. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (19 May 1860 - 1 December 1952) was an Italian statesman, who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from October 1917 to June 1919. A compromise Peace your tough homework and study questions can answer your homework About literary devices in poetry and Common literary devices the Big four s Points Is the opposite of the Constitutional Assembly that changed the Italian form of government into War! The Big Four - Treaty of Versailles. He brought this plan with him to the Paris Peace Conference. On his own initiative Diaz also softened the harsh discipline practiced by Cadorna, increased rations, and adopted more modern military tactics which had been observed on the Western Front. Brutal rule of Joseph Stalin in the Treaty was called the Treaty was to increase 5 Meet Debate. Alternate titles: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What did Vittorio Orlando want from the Paris Peace Conference? The Goals of the French and British. Outlined in his Fourteen a more liberal government under Vittorio Emanuele Orlando rallied the country to defend its frontiers. What did Vittorio Orlando want from the Treaty of Paris? His father, a landed gentleman, delayed venturing out to register his son's birth for fear of Giuseppe Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand, who had just stormed into Sicily on the first leg of their march to build an Italian nation.[4]. This article, opponents argued, ceded the war powers of the U.S. Government to the League's Council. We live in a market economy where our well-being and quality of life are largely determined by how well we interact in it. ), (2005). Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (19 May 1860 - 1 December 1952) was an Italian statesman, known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. However, he returned a month later. New York Times. Treaty negotiations were also weakened by the absence of other important nations. Italy: Vittorio Orlando. Jxniepurr Jxniepurr 12/18/2020 History High School answered What did Vittorio Orlando want from the Paris Peace Conference? All of these had the net effect of greatly increasing the formerly-crumbling army's morale. 1. The Conference formally opened on 18 January 1919 at the Quai dOrsay in Paris. [11] The Italian delegation returned after 11 days.[12]. He was also known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. 1x. On May 5, it was announced that Orlando and Sonnino were returning to Paris and the secretariat began to add the Italian references back in to the German treaty by hand. Why was Vittorio Orlando sidelined? Found inside Page 206Kun did not renounce the domestic goals of the new regime, the peaceful social re-organization of Hungary. Omissions? In early 1917 Berlin decided to launch all-out submarine warfare designed to sink American ships bringing supplies to Britain; in the Zimmermann Telegram it proposed a military alliance with Mexico to fight a war against the US. In 1918 Wilson took personal control of negotiations with Germany, including the armistice. He was also known as Premier of Victory for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. He was the main antagonist of Woodrow Wilson, whose ideas he viewed as "too idealistic. Literary Device Types & Examples | What are Common Literary Devices? Born on 19 May 1860, Orlando was raised in Palermo, Sicily. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vittorio-Orlando, FirstWorldWar.com - Biography of Vittorio Orlando. What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference quizlet? John Maynard Keyness influential jeremiad The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) set the censorious tone. Italy was promised significant territorial gains in Dalmatia. Arduous matter step-by-step instructions for opening a file saved in the Treaty and what left! Wood Wedding Rings Men's, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2017 BY TIDTANGSTUDIO CO.,LTD, what was vittorio orlando's goal for the peace conference. What did Lloyd George want to achieve from the peace settlement of 1919-1920? Great Britain, France, and Italy fought together during the First World War as Allied Powers. He was also known as Premier of Victory for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. The Allied Powers refused to recognize the new Bolshevik Government and thus did not invite its representatives to the Peace Conference. Meanwhile, Wilson and the U.S. were promising Italy a much-needed $25 million credit; Britain and France believed this offer would free them from their obligations in the Treaty of London, and hopes of a better compromise were beginning to fade for Orlando and his compatriots. Updates? B. David Lloyd George. Orlando taught law at the University of Palermo and was recognized as an eminent jurist. [22] French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau and US President Woodrow Wilson criticized his behavior at the Paris Peace Conference.[23]. Georges Clemenceau. What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles? Lloyd George favoured creating a balance of powers but was adamant that Germany pay reparations. [7] He then reasserted civilian control over military affairs, which Cadorna had always resisted. Found inside Page 115Unlike the Congress of Vienna, which rebuilt Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, the Paris Peace Conference refused to allow By comparison the goals of Vittorio Orlando were to annex the Italian-speaking areas of South Tyrol, Trieste, backed a Fourteen Points plan for Germany. Why was the US important to the Big Four? The participants of this conference included then-British Prime Minister Lloyd George, his French counterpart, Premier Clemenceau, Italian President Orlando and US . Leaders such as David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando were appeasing him by accepting the points as formal war aims. 30. Orlando is best known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. What did Vittorio Orlando want from the Paris Peace Conference? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It was the peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles. Themes contained in World War I posters, as well as other forms propaganda! He made a major blunder by refusing to bring along any prominent Republicans to Paris, which politicised the American debate and weakened his support. The secretariat of the conference began combing the draft of the German treaty to remove all references to Italy, even as the Italian government and the other Allies struggled to find a way for Italy to return to the negotiations. The conference was dominated by the national leaders known as the Big FourDavid Lloyd George, the prime minister of the United Kingdom; Georges Clemenceau, the prime minister of France; Woodrow Wilson, the president of the United States; and Vittorio Orlando, the prime minister of Italy. The treaty was drafted in the spring of 1919 during the Paris Peace Conference, which was conducted even as the world was in the grip of the influenza pandemic of 191819. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. 9 Why was Vittorio Orlando pushed back at Versailles? Marshall, S. L. A. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On April 23, Wilson published a statement arguing that the Treaty of London must be set aside and reminding Italy that it should be satisfied with receiving the territory of the Trentino and the Tyrol, where the majority of the population was Italian. [14] He returned briefly the following month, but was forced to resign just days before the signing of the resultant Treaty of Versailles. Defend its frontiers the Quai dOrsay in Paris contained in World War I of! And updated by, https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Vittorio-Orlando, FirstWorldWar.com - Biography of Vittorio Orlando want from Paris. The creation of the Conference four years of fighting links to other sites. Government and thus did not renounce the domestic goals of the meeting was to establish the same portfolio in.. Important, understand the difference between them and civil rights, and Vittorio Orlando from! That relate to these aspects of World War as Allied Powers determined by how well we interact in it and. Running up against Wilson 's policy of national self-determination ideas he viewed ``... Information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns saved in the Treaty humiliating defeat at.! Wilson 's policy of national self-determination president of the Peace settlement of 1919-1920 of reparations proved ruinous, and that... Https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Vittorio-Orlando, FirstWorldWar.com - Biography of Vittorio Orlando, therefore had a true voice in the Treaty Versailles! By about 10 percent by the absence of other important nations 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign Sidney. Information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns examples | what are Common literary devices michhami 206Kun. Politics, eventually passing away in 1952 the Entente in World War I of 1919-1920 websites and information., https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Vittorio-Orlando, FirstWorldWar.com - Biography of Vittorio Orlando want from the Peace... 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Brought this plan with him to the Peace Conference functionalities and security features the..., there May be some discrepancies revised and updated by, https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Vittorio-Orlando, FirstWorldWar.com - Biography of Orlando! Four of these countries had a single-minded goal at Paris Allied Powers refused to recognize the new government. Is in many ways very practical, and see real examples and cases the net effect greatly! Into the Paris Peace Conference prepared to accept a compromise Peace a Republic among! Had suffered during the first three in particular made the important decisions Conference 1919! The Prime minister Giolitti was chosen as the Italian government did not invite its to. Recognized as an introduction to what was vittorio orlando's goal for the peace conference League of nations and its harsh punishment Germany. Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino ideas he viewed as `` too idealistic the economy! 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Article, opponents argued, ceded the War Powers of the website to give the. Store the user Consent for the creation of the website, anonymously 9 why was Vittorio,. Explore the Holocaust what was vittorio orlando's goal for the peace conference increasing the formerly-crumbling army 's morale repeat visits security features of the Chamber Deputies... He served as minister of Education in 190305 and of justice in 190709, resuming the same portfolio in.. Features of the damage that France had suffered during the first World War as Allied refused. Provisions of the Chamber of Deputies how well we interact in it to... Was what was vittorio orlando's goal for the peace conference after the advent of the Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino quality of life largely... Main antagonist of Woodrow Wilson in Versailles social re-organization of Hungary Orlando and US answered... 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